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DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T103000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T120000
DTSTAMP:20260508T064039
CREATED:20240904T104524Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240904T104711Z
UID:3775-1726482600-1726488000@www.heas.at
SUMMARY:HEAS Talk
DESCRIPTION:The Fate of Primates; Extinction vs Adaption \n  \nWith the prospect of a sixth mass extinction event looming there has never been a more compelling time to understand species extinction\, especially for primates. Looking to the fate of past primates is a good starting point to try and establish what drives extinction and facilitates adaption. Dating\, in all its different forms\, is the key to understanding the fate of the primates because without a robust timeline we end up look for clues at the wrong time. \nIn this talk\, I will review attempts we have made to define the fate of four well-known primates; Homo floresiensis\, in Flores Indonesia\, Homo erectus in Ngandong Java\, Gigantopithecus blacki in southern China and Homo sapiens in Tam Pa Ling\, Laos. I will outline our dating strategy for each area and assess the implications of these resulting chronologies for assessing their collective fates. These examples suggest that whether primates are large or small\, whether they have been around for a long time or a short time certain species traits can make them vulnerable or resilient to climatic and environmental changes. A robust dating context helps us to pin-point these potential changes and allow us to assess primate response from a behavioural perspective. These finding have implications for the fate of primates in the future. \nBiography \nDr Kira Westaway is a geochronologist recognised for her use of luminescence dating to establish when modern humans dispersed across Southeast Asia en route to Australia. She establishes robust timelines by dating early human and faunal evidence in cave sites across southern Asia and Southeast Asia. \nAs part of an international research team she provided chronological control for the ‘Hobbit’ discovery at Liang Bua cave\, western Flores\, Indonesia. She led the team that established chronologies for modern human arrival at the site of Lida Ajer in Sumatra and Tam Pa Ling in northern Laos. More recently she established a timeline for the extinction of Homo erectus at Ngandong and the presence of Denisovans in northern Laos at Cobra Cave. She also led a program of research to understand why the king of all primates Gigantopithecus blacki went extinct in southern China\, this research has large implications for megafaunal extinction in Asia and Australia. \nShe is currently leading an international team attempting to disperse the myths about human dispersals through China and Southeast Asia. \n  \nTo register for online or in-person participation\, click here. \nKIRA WESTAWAY_big poster_
URL:https://www.heas.at/events/heas-talk-3/
LOCATION:UBB 5.1\, Djerassiplatz 1\, Vienna\, 1030\, Austria
CATEGORIES:HEAS-Lecture
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://www.heas.at/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KIRA-WESTAWAY_Web-Blog_Ancient-Genomics_less-text.png
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T103000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T120000
DTSTAMP:20260508T064039
CREATED:20240904T104524Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240904T104524Z
UID:4819-1726482600-1726488000@www.heas.at
SUMMARY:HEAS Talk
DESCRIPTION:The Fate of Primates; Extinction vs Adaption \n  \nWith the prospect of a sixth mass extinction event looming there has never been a more compelling time to understand species extinction\, especially for primates. Looking to the fate of past primates is a good starting point to try and establish what drives extinction and facilitates adaption. Dating\, in all its different forms\, is the key to understanding the fate of the primates because without a robust timeline we end up look for clues at the wrong time. \nIn this talk\, I will review attempts we have made to define the fate of four well-known primates; Homo floresiensis\, in Flores Indonesia\, Homo erectus in Ngandong Java\, Gigantopithecus blacki in southern China and Homo sapiens in Tam Pa Ling\, Laos. I will outline our dating strategy for each area and assess the implications of these resulting chronologies for assessing their collective fates. These examples suggest that whether primates are large or small\, whether they have been around for a long time or a short time certain species traits can make them vulnerable or resilient to climatic and environmental changes. A robust dating context helps us to pin-point these potential changes and allow us to assess primate response from a behavioural perspective. These finding have implications for the fate of primates in the future. \nBiography \nDr Kira Westaway is a geochronologist recognised for her use of luminescence dating to establish when modern humans dispersed across Southeast Asia en route to Australia. She establishes robust timelines by dating early human and faunal evidence in cave sites across southern Asia and Southeast Asia. \nAs part of an international research team she provided chronological control for the ‘Hobbit’ discovery at Liang Bua cave\, western Flores\, Indonesia. She led the team that established chronologies for modern human arrival at the site of Lida Ajer in Sumatra and Tam Pa Ling in northern Laos. More recently she established a timeline for the extinction of Homo erectus at Ngandong and the presence of Denisovans in northern Laos at Cobra Cave. She also led a program of research to understand why the king of all primates Gigantopithecus blacki went extinct in southern China\, this research has large implications for megafaunal extinction in Asia and Australia. \nShe is currently leading an international team attempting to disperse the myths about human dispersals through China and Southeast Asia. \n  \nTo register for online or in-person participation\, click here. \nKIRA WESTAWAY_big poster_
URL:https://www.heas.at/events/heas-talk-3-2/
LOCATION:UBB 5.1\, Djerassiplatz 1\, Vienna\, 1030\, Austria
CATEGORIES:HEAS-Lecture
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://www.heas.at/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KIRA-WESTAWAY_Web-Blog_Ancient-Genomics_less-text.png
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T103000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T120000
DTSTAMP:20260508T064039
CREATED:20240904T104524Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240904T104524Z
UID:5046-1726482600-1726488000@www.heas.at
SUMMARY:HEAS Talk
DESCRIPTION:The Fate of Primates; Extinction vs Adaption \n  \nWith the prospect of a sixth mass extinction event looming there has never been a more compelling time to understand species extinction\, especially for primates. Looking to the fate of past primates is a good starting point to try and establish what drives extinction and facilitates adaption. Dating\, in all its different forms\, is the key to understanding the fate of the primates because without a robust timeline we end up look for clues at the wrong time. \nIn this talk\, I will review attempts we have made to define the fate of four well-known primates; Homo floresiensis\, in Flores Indonesia\, Homo erectus in Ngandong Java\, Gigantopithecus blacki in southern China and Homo sapiens in Tam Pa Ling\, Laos. I will outline our dating strategy for each area and assess the implications of these resulting chronologies for assessing their collective fates. These examples suggest that whether primates are large or small\, whether they have been around for a long time or a short time certain species traits can make them vulnerable or resilient to climatic and environmental changes. A robust dating context helps us to pin-point these potential changes and allow us to assess primate response from a behavioural perspective. These finding have implications for the fate of primates in the future. \nBiography \nDr Kira Westaway is a geochronologist recognised for her use of luminescence dating to establish when modern humans dispersed across Southeast Asia en route to Australia. She establishes robust timelines by dating early human and faunal evidence in cave sites across southern Asia and Southeast Asia. \nAs part of an international research team she provided chronological control for the ‘Hobbit’ discovery at Liang Bua cave\, western Flores\, Indonesia. She led the team that established chronologies for modern human arrival at the site of Lida Ajer in Sumatra and Tam Pa Ling in northern Laos. More recently she established a timeline for the extinction of Homo erectus at Ngandong and the presence of Denisovans in northern Laos at Cobra Cave. She also led a program of research to understand why the king of all primates Gigantopithecus blacki went extinct in southern China\, this research has large implications for megafaunal extinction in Asia and Australia. \nShe is currently leading an international team attempting to disperse the myths about human dispersals through China and Southeast Asia. \n  \nTo register for online or in-person participation\, click here. \nKIRA WESTAWAY_big poster_
URL:https://www.heas.at/events/heas-talk-3-3/
LOCATION:UBB 5.1\, Djerassiplatz 1\, Vienna\, 1030\, Austria
CATEGORIES:HEAS-Lecture
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://www.heas.at/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KIRA-WESTAWAY_Web-Blog_Ancient-Genomics_less-text.png
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T103000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T120000
DTSTAMP:20260508T064039
CREATED:20240904T104524Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240904T104524Z
UID:5190-1726482600-1726488000@www.heas.at
SUMMARY:HEAS Talk
DESCRIPTION:The Fate of Primates; Extinction vs Adaption \n  \nWith the prospect of a sixth mass extinction event looming there has never been a more compelling time to understand species extinction\, especially for primates. Looking to the fate of past primates is a good starting point to try and establish what drives extinction and facilitates adaption. Dating\, in all its different forms\, is the key to understanding the fate of the primates because without a robust timeline we end up look for clues at the wrong time. \nIn this talk\, I will review attempts we have made to define the fate of four well-known primates; Homo floresiensis\, in Flores Indonesia\, Homo erectus in Ngandong Java\, Gigantopithecus blacki in southern China and Homo sapiens in Tam Pa Ling\, Laos. I will outline our dating strategy for each area and assess the implications of these resulting chronologies for assessing their collective fates. These examples suggest that whether primates are large or small\, whether they have been around for a long time or a short time certain species traits can make them vulnerable or resilient to climatic and environmental changes. A robust dating context helps us to pin-point these potential changes and allow us to assess primate response from a behavioural perspective. These finding have implications for the fate of primates in the future. \nBiography \nDr Kira Westaway is a geochronologist recognised for her use of luminescence dating to establish when modern humans dispersed across Southeast Asia en route to Australia. She establishes robust timelines by dating early human and faunal evidence in cave sites across southern Asia and Southeast Asia. \nAs part of an international research team she provided chronological control for the ‘Hobbit’ discovery at Liang Bua cave\, western Flores\, Indonesia. She led the team that established chronologies for modern human arrival at the site of Lida Ajer in Sumatra and Tam Pa Ling in northern Laos. More recently she established a timeline for the extinction of Homo erectus at Ngandong and the presence of Denisovans in northern Laos at Cobra Cave. She also led a program of research to understand why the king of all primates Gigantopithecus blacki went extinct in southern China\, this research has large implications for megafaunal extinction in Asia and Australia. \nShe is currently leading an international team attempting to disperse the myths about human dispersals through China and Southeast Asia. \n  \nTo register for online or in-person participation\, click here. \nKIRA WESTAWAY_big poster_
URL:https://www.heas.at/events/heas-talk-3-4/
LOCATION:UBB 5.1\, Djerassiplatz 1\, Vienna\, 1030\, Austria
CATEGORIES:HEAS-Lecture
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://www.heas.at/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KIRA-WESTAWAY_Web-Blog_Ancient-Genomics_less-text.png
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T170000
DTSTAMP:20260508T064039
CREATED:20240729T134404Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240731T140350Z
UID:3706-1726500600-1726506000@www.heas.at
SUMMARY:HEAS Keynote with David Reich
DESCRIPTION:Pervasive findings of partial selective sweeps realize the promise of ancient DNA to elucidate human adaptation. \n  \n  \nDavid Reich is a Professor of Genetics and Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard\, and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He received his Bachelor’s Degree in Physics from Harvard University in 1996\, his doctorate in Statistical Genetics from the University of Oxford in 1999\, and did post-doctoral work with Eric Lander at the Whitehead Institute / MIT Center for Genome Research. He has shared multiple awards with Svante Pääbo including the 2017 Dan David Prize in Archaeology & Natural Sciences\, the 2019 Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences\, the 2020 Darwin-Wallace Award from the Linnaean Society of London\, and the 2022 Massry Prize (the latter also joint with Liran Carmel). He was highlighted by Nature as one of “Ten Who Made A Difference” in 2015\, was awarded the 2019 National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology\, and was the recipient of the Hermann J. Muller Award for contributions to our understanding of genes and society. His laboratory has produced approximately half the genome-wide ancient human DNA data published to date\, he is the author of more than 200 scientific papers\, and he and wrote the 2018 book Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past\, whose main thesis is the ubiquity of profound population mixture at all time scales in the human past. \n  \nTalk abstract:\nWe present a new method for detecting evidence of adaptation in ancient DNA time series data which leverages an opportunity not exploited in previous selection scans: testing for a consistent trend in allele frequency change over time. By applying this to 8505 West Eurasians living in the past 14000 years and 6438 contemporary people\, we find an order of magnitude more instances of selection than previous ancient DNA time transect studies: 279 independent loci with >99% posterior probability of selection compared to the largest previous scans that identified 25 genome-wide significant loci. More than half of the top 10000 signals are expected to be genuine instances of partial selective sweeps. Previous studies showed that classic hard sweeps driving advantageous mutations to fixation have been rare over human evolution\, but our results show that partial sweeps increasing the frequencies of both newly arising and pre-existing alleles have been common at least in the last ten millennia. Discoveries include a decrease from ~0-20% in 4000 years for the major risk factor for celiac disease at HLA-DQB1; a rise from ~0-8% in 6000 years in blood type B at the expense of type A; a decrease from ~50-20% in 7000 years of an allele at TCHH which predisposes to balding; and fluctuating selection at the TYK2 tuberculosis risk allele which rose from ~2% to ~9% between ~5500-3000 years ago before dropping to ~3% today. We identify instances of coordinated selection on alleles affecting the same trait; for example\, the polygenic score that today is highly predictive of body fat percentage decreased by 1.03 standard deviations (s.d.) over ten millennia (±0.15 standard error; P=1.9×10-12 for selection)\, supporting the “Thrifty Gene” hypothesis that a genetic predisposition to store energy to allow survival at times of food scarcity may have become disadvantageous after the advent of farming. We also observe selection for the combination of alleles that predict three correlated behavioral traits: years of schooling (P=2.7×10-6\, increasing 0.61±0.13 s.d.)\, scores on intelligence tests (P=1.7×10-8\, increasing 0.79±0.14 s.d.)\, and household income (P=8.1×10-15\, increasing 1.11±0.14 s.d.). Multiple lines of evidence show these results are not artifacts of population structure\, but the traits were undefined in prehistoric societies\, so it is unclear how the combinations of alleles that predict them influenced behavior in the past. We estimate selection coefficients with standard errors of ~0.1% at 9.8 million variants\, enabling high-resolution study of how Darwinian forces couple to allelic effects and thus shape the genetic architecture of complex human traits. \n  \nTo register for this talk click here \nDavid Reich_poster
URL:https://www.heas.at/events/heas-keynote-with-david-reich/
LOCATION:Hörsaal 1 in UBB\, Djerassiplatz 1\, Wien\, 1030\, Österreich
CATEGORIES:HEAS Keynote Lecture
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://www.heas.at/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/28_HEAS-SEMINAR-SERIES_Plakate_Social-Media_Illustrationen-Recovered_PowerPoint_Ancient-Genomics_less-tesxt.png
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T170000
DTSTAMP:20260508T064039
CREATED:20240729T134404Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240729T134404Z
UID:4814-1726500600-1726506000@www.heas.at
SUMMARY:HEAS Keynote with David Reich
DESCRIPTION:Pervasive findings of partial selective sweeps realize the promise of ancient DNA to elucidate human adaptation. \n  \n  \nDavid Reich is a Professor of Genetics and Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard\, and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He received his Bachelor’s Degree in Physics from Harvard University in 1996\, his doctorate in Statistical Genetics from the University of Oxford in 1999\, and did post-doctoral work with Eric Lander at the Whitehead Institute / MIT Center for Genome Research. He has shared multiple awards with Svante Pääbo including the 2017 Dan David Prize in Archaeology & Natural Sciences\, the 2019 Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences\, the 2020 Darwin-Wallace Award from the Linnaean Society of London\, and the 2022 Massry Prize (the latter also joint with Liran Carmel). He was highlighted by Nature as one of “Ten Who Made A Difference” in 2015\, was awarded the 2019 National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology\, and was the recipient of the Hermann J. Muller Award for contributions to our understanding of genes and society. His laboratory has produced approximately half the genome-wide ancient human DNA data published to date\, he is the author of more than 200 scientific papers\, and he and wrote the 2018 book Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past\, whose main thesis is the ubiquity of profound population mixture at all time scales in the human past. \n  \nTalk abstract:\nWe present a new method for detecting evidence of adaptation in ancient DNA time series data which leverages an opportunity not exploited in previous selection scans: testing for a consistent trend in allele frequency change over time. By applying this to 8505 West Eurasians living in the past 14000 years and 6438 contemporary people\, we find an order of magnitude more instances of selection than previous ancient DNA time transect studies: 279 independent loci with >99% posterior probability of selection compared to the largest previous scans that identified 25 genome-wide significant loci. More than half of the top 10000 signals are expected to be genuine instances of partial selective sweeps. Previous studies showed that classic hard sweeps driving advantageous mutations to fixation have been rare over human evolution\, but our results show that partial sweeps increasing the frequencies of both newly arising and pre-existing alleles have been common at least in the last ten millennia. Discoveries include a decrease from ~0-20% in 4000 years for the major risk factor for celiac disease at HLA-DQB1; a rise from ~0-8% in 6000 years in blood type B at the expense of type A; a decrease from ~50-20% in 7000 years of an allele at TCHH which predisposes to balding; and fluctuating selection at the TYK2 tuberculosis risk allele which rose from ~2% to ~9% between ~5500-3000 years ago before dropping to ~3% today. We identify instances of coordinated selection on alleles affecting the same trait; for example\, the polygenic score that today is highly predictive of body fat percentage decreased by 1.03 standard deviations (s.d.) over ten millennia (±0.15 standard error; P=1.9×10-12 for selection)\, supporting the “Thrifty Gene” hypothesis that a genetic predisposition to store energy to allow survival at times of food scarcity may have become disadvantageous after the advent of farming. We also observe selection for the combination of alleles that predict three correlated behavioral traits: years of schooling (P=2.7×10-6\, increasing 0.61±0.13 s.d.)\, scores on intelligence tests (P=1.7×10-8\, increasing 0.79±0.14 s.d.)\, and household income (P=8.1×10-15\, increasing 1.11±0.14 s.d.). Multiple lines of evidence show these results are not artifacts of population structure\, but the traits were undefined in prehistoric societies\, so it is unclear how the combinations of alleles that predict them influenced behavior in the past. We estimate selection coefficients with standard errors of ~0.1% at 9.8 million variants\, enabling high-resolution study of how Darwinian forces couple to allelic effects and thus shape the genetic architecture of complex human traits. \n  \nTo register for this talk click here \nDavid Reich_poster
URL:https://www.heas.at/events/heas-keynote-with-david-reich-2/
LOCATION:Hörsaal 1 in UBB\, Djerassiplatz 1\, Wien\, 1030\, Österreich
CATEGORIES:HEAS Keynote Lecture
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://www.heas.at/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/28_HEAS-SEMINAR-SERIES_Plakate_Social-Media_Illustrationen-Recovered_PowerPoint_Ancient-Genomics_less-tesxt.png
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T170000
DTSTAMP:20260508T064039
CREATED:20240729T134404Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240729T134404Z
UID:5041-1726500600-1726506000@www.heas.at
SUMMARY:HEAS Keynote with David Reich
DESCRIPTION:Pervasive findings of partial selective sweeps realize the promise of ancient DNA to elucidate human adaptation. \n  \n  \nDavid Reich is a Professor of Genetics and Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard\, and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He received his Bachelor’s Degree in Physics from Harvard University in 1996\, his doctorate in Statistical Genetics from the University of Oxford in 1999\, and did post-doctoral work with Eric Lander at the Whitehead Institute / MIT Center for Genome Research. He has shared multiple awards with Svante Pääbo including the 2017 Dan David Prize in Archaeology & Natural Sciences\, the 2019 Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences\, the 2020 Darwin-Wallace Award from the Linnaean Society of London\, and the 2022 Massry Prize (the latter also joint with Liran Carmel). He was highlighted by Nature as one of “Ten Who Made A Difference” in 2015\, was awarded the 2019 National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology\, and was the recipient of the Hermann J. Muller Award for contributions to our understanding of genes and society. His laboratory has produced approximately half the genome-wide ancient human DNA data published to date\, he is the author of more than 200 scientific papers\, and he and wrote the 2018 book Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past\, whose main thesis is the ubiquity of profound population mixture at all time scales in the human past. \n  \nTalk abstract:\nWe present a new method for detecting evidence of adaptation in ancient DNA time series data which leverages an opportunity not exploited in previous selection scans: testing for a consistent trend in allele frequency change over time. By applying this to 8505 West Eurasians living in the past 14000 years and 6438 contemporary people\, we find an order of magnitude more instances of selection than previous ancient DNA time transect studies: 279 independent loci with >99% posterior probability of selection compared to the largest previous scans that identified 25 genome-wide significant loci. More than half of the top 10000 signals are expected to be genuine instances of partial selective sweeps. Previous studies showed that classic hard sweeps driving advantageous mutations to fixation have been rare over human evolution\, but our results show that partial sweeps increasing the frequencies of both newly arising and pre-existing alleles have been common at least in the last ten millennia. Discoveries include a decrease from ~0-20% in 4000 years for the major risk factor for celiac disease at HLA-DQB1; a rise from ~0-8% in 6000 years in blood type B at the expense of type A; a decrease from ~50-20% in 7000 years of an allele at TCHH which predisposes to balding; and fluctuating selection at the TYK2 tuberculosis risk allele which rose from ~2% to ~9% between ~5500-3000 years ago before dropping to ~3% today. We identify instances of coordinated selection on alleles affecting the same trait; for example\, the polygenic score that today is highly predictive of body fat percentage decreased by 1.03 standard deviations (s.d.) over ten millennia (±0.15 standard error; P=1.9×10-12 for selection)\, supporting the “Thrifty Gene” hypothesis that a genetic predisposition to store energy to allow survival at times of food scarcity may have become disadvantageous after the advent of farming. We also observe selection for the combination of alleles that predict three correlated behavioral traits: years of schooling (P=2.7×10-6\, increasing 0.61±0.13 s.d.)\, scores on intelligence tests (P=1.7×10-8\, increasing 0.79±0.14 s.d.)\, and household income (P=8.1×10-15\, increasing 1.11±0.14 s.d.). Multiple lines of evidence show these results are not artifacts of population structure\, but the traits were undefined in prehistoric societies\, so it is unclear how the combinations of alleles that predict them influenced behavior in the past. We estimate selection coefficients with standard errors of ~0.1% at 9.8 million variants\, enabling high-resolution study of how Darwinian forces couple to allelic effects and thus shape the genetic architecture of complex human traits. \n  \nTo register for this talk click here \nDavid Reich_poster
URL:https://www.heas.at/events/heas-keynote-with-david-reich-3/
LOCATION:Hörsaal 1 in UBB\, Djerassiplatz 1\, Wien\, 1030\, Österreich
CATEGORIES:HEAS Keynote Lecture
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://www.heas.at/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/28_HEAS-SEMINAR-SERIES_Plakate_Social-Media_Illustrationen-Recovered_PowerPoint_Ancient-Genomics_less-tesxt.png
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Vienna:20240916T170000
DTSTAMP:20260508T064039
CREATED:20240729T134404Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240729T134404Z
UID:5185-1726500600-1726506000@www.heas.at
SUMMARY:HEAS Keynote with David Reich
DESCRIPTION:Pervasive findings of partial selective sweeps realize the promise of ancient DNA to elucidate human adaptation. \n  \n  \nDavid Reich is a Professor of Genetics and Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard\, and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He received his Bachelor’s Degree in Physics from Harvard University in 1996\, his doctorate in Statistical Genetics from the University of Oxford in 1999\, and did post-doctoral work with Eric Lander at the Whitehead Institute / MIT Center for Genome Research. He has shared multiple awards with Svante Pääbo including the 2017 Dan David Prize in Archaeology & Natural Sciences\, the 2019 Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences\, the 2020 Darwin-Wallace Award from the Linnaean Society of London\, and the 2022 Massry Prize (the latter also joint with Liran Carmel). He was highlighted by Nature as one of “Ten Who Made A Difference” in 2015\, was awarded the 2019 National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology\, and was the recipient of the Hermann J. Muller Award for contributions to our understanding of genes and society. His laboratory has produced approximately half the genome-wide ancient human DNA data published to date\, he is the author of more than 200 scientific papers\, and he and wrote the 2018 book Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past\, whose main thesis is the ubiquity of profound population mixture at all time scales in the human past. \n  \nTalk abstract:\nWe present a new method for detecting evidence of adaptation in ancient DNA time series data which leverages an opportunity not exploited in previous selection scans: testing for a consistent trend in allele frequency change over time. By applying this to 8505 West Eurasians living in the past 14000 years and 6438 contemporary people\, we find an order of magnitude more instances of selection than previous ancient DNA time transect studies: 279 independent loci with >99% posterior probability of selection compared to the largest previous scans that identified 25 genome-wide significant loci. More than half of the top 10000 signals are expected to be genuine instances of partial selective sweeps. Previous studies showed that classic hard sweeps driving advantageous mutations to fixation have been rare over human evolution\, but our results show that partial sweeps increasing the frequencies of both newly arising and pre-existing alleles have been common at least in the last ten millennia. Discoveries include a decrease from ~0-20% in 4000 years for the major risk factor for celiac disease at HLA-DQB1; a rise from ~0-8% in 6000 years in blood type B at the expense of type A; a decrease from ~50-20% in 7000 years of an allele at TCHH which predisposes to balding; and fluctuating selection at the TYK2 tuberculosis risk allele which rose from ~2% to ~9% between ~5500-3000 years ago before dropping to ~3% today. We identify instances of coordinated selection on alleles affecting the same trait; for example\, the polygenic score that today is highly predictive of body fat percentage decreased by 1.03 standard deviations (s.d.) over ten millennia (±0.15 standard error; P=1.9×10-12 for selection)\, supporting the “Thrifty Gene” hypothesis that a genetic predisposition to store energy to allow survival at times of food scarcity may have become disadvantageous after the advent of farming. We also observe selection for the combination of alleles that predict three correlated behavioral traits: years of schooling (P=2.7×10-6\, increasing 0.61±0.13 s.d.)\, scores on intelligence tests (P=1.7×10-8\, increasing 0.79±0.14 s.d.)\, and household income (P=8.1×10-15\, increasing 1.11±0.14 s.d.). Multiple lines of evidence show these results are not artifacts of population structure\, but the traits were undefined in prehistoric societies\, so it is unclear how the combinations of alleles that predict them influenced behavior in the past. We estimate selection coefficients with standard errors of ~0.1% at 9.8 million variants\, enabling high-resolution study of how Darwinian forces couple to allelic effects and thus shape the genetic architecture of complex human traits. \n  \nTo register for this talk click here \nDavid Reich_poster
URL:https://www.heas.at/events/heas-keynote-with-david-reich-4/
LOCATION:Hörsaal 1 in UBB\, Djerassiplatz 1\, Wien\, 1030\, Österreich
CATEGORIES:HEAS Keynote Lecture
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